Browse Collections (59 total)
Frazier Baker
A South Carolina teacher who became the first Black postmaster in the predominantly White community of Lake City, South Carolina. Known for being a…
Francis Lewis Cardozo
A free born Charleston, South Carolina educator, minister and politician. Elected Secretary of State of South Carolina during…
Forty Acres and a Mule
An unrealized promise included in Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s Special Field Order No. 15 (January 16, 1865) that allotted land and…
Fort Laramie Treaty
The 1869 treaty aimed to establish peace between the United States and the Midwestern tribes, including the Sioux and Arapaho Nations. Also known as…
Esther Hill Hawks
A White missionary teacher, abolitionist, physician, and women's rights advocate from New Hampshire. Known for her work as a doctor and teacher of…
Ellen Murray
A White, Canadian missionary teacher and co-founder of the Penn School (one of the first for formerly enslaved people) on St. Helena Island in the…
Elizabeth Ware Pearson
A Massachusetts-born, White abolitionist writer and educator who served as a teacher to newly freed people during the Port Royal Experiment in…
Elizabeth Botume
A Northern-born, White teacher who was sent to do missionary work with newly freed children in the South Carolina Sea Islands.
Denis Kearney
An Irish immigrant and California leader of the Workingmen's Labor Party known for anti-Chinese sentiments and racial terror.
David Hunter
A White, controversial, New York-born Union Army General known for issuing an unauthorized emancipation declaration for all enslaved people in the…
Contrabands
"Contrabands" was the label given to formerly enslaved people who escaped to Union lines during the Civil War.
Contested Election of 1876
Highlights of the contested 1876 presidential race between the Republican, Rutherford B. Hayes, and Democrat, Samuel J Tilden, that resulted in a…
Chinese Six Companies
Organized in the 1850s in San Francisco and formally established in 1882. An organization of the six most powerful Chinese companies in California…
Chinese Massacre of 1871
Focus on the events that led up to, and the aftermath of, the October 24, 1871 mass lynching of Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles,…
Chinese Exclusion Act
The 1882 federal law that suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers for ten years and rendered them ineligible for citizenship. A series of…
Charlotte Forten Grimke
A free-born Pennsylvania abolitionist, writer, storyteller, poet and teacher. Recruited to teach newly freed people in the Port Royal Experiment in…